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Religion in the United Nations Security Council
Formánková, Marie ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Dostál, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the occurrence of terms with religious significance in the meeting records of the United Nations Security Council. Religion manifests itself in the private and public spheres, in which it also intervenes in political and international affairs. As it is also present in various forms in the United Nations, the thesis aims to find out whether religion is also manifest in the Security Council and, if so, in what forms and contexts. It also tries to find an answer to the question if there was a temporary increase in the number of mentions of religion after 2001. In addition to the literature, the thesis is based on the analysis of Security Council meetings, that took place in the period 1996- 2006. A dataset was created consisting of ¼ of the meetings for the given period, which means 550 records out of a total of 1 998. Through the analysis of these documents, the thesis focuses not only on the number of religious expressions and their form, but also on the possible causes that may affect their presence. Primarily, it is the thematic focus of the UNSC meeting, which is treated as the main factor in the occurrence of references to religion. Therefore, the thesis tries to find out whether they really represent a fundamental role and in which topics religious aspects occur most...
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UN Security Council and Environmental Threats
Škop, Martin ; Bruner, Tomáš (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
This thesis examines the securitization of climate change within the UN Security Council. The aim of the thesis was to answer the question of how the permanent members of the Council securitise or desecuritise climate threats, or what characterises their speech act. The assessment was based on a content analysis that coded all the statements made by the permanent members of the Council in the general discussion on climate change and its security implications. The thesis thus provides an overview of the specific elements that fulfill the securitization move and emergency measures as well as other elements that are typical for the actors. The thesis compares these with the assumptions arising from the Copenhagen School theory of securitization and interprets their consistency or inconsistency. In addition, the concept of "climatisation" is used, which allows for a different, often more useful perspective on the topic. From the perspective of this concept, it has been confirmed that many actors are characterized by attempts to integrate climate policies and objectives into various security spheres such as UN missions, development policy or conflict prevention policy. The content analysis to all the above conclusions allows to provide a body of evidence, which is an annex to the present thesis,...
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Implementation of the mandate of the UNPROFOR mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992-1995
Lalić, Jan ; Tejchman, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pikal, Kamil (referee)
The unwillingness of the international community to become involved militarily in Bosnian civil war between 1992-1995, made the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) a substitute for a decisive action. The absence of any foreseeable prospect of truce, which would have been supported by the presence of peacekeepers, led to the establishment of strictly humanitarian mandate for UN troops in the first phase of the war. They were supposed, in cooperation with the United Nations High Commisioner for Refugees (UNHCR), to secure functioning of the Sarajevo airport for humanitarian relief purposes and subsequently provide security for the UNHCR and its convoys providing humanitarian relief. Thesis "Implementation of the mandate of the UNPROFOR mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992-1995" deals with issues concerning humanitarian mandate in particular. This thesis aims to explain, through descriptive analysis, motives leading international community to deploy lightely armed peacekeeprs with uncharacteristic mandate to the region, which is absolutely inadequate for peacekeeping operations as I will show. It will subsequently analyze course of the implementation and problems, which were encountered by UN troops. The aim of this thesis is to prove, that UNPROFOR was not absolute failure as it is perceived,...
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The legal nature and research of resolutions of the UN Security Council under Chapter VII of the UN Charter
Vneková, Monika ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
The United Nations Security Council is primarily responsible for maintenance of international peace and security according to the Charter of the United Nations. To achieve this goal, it is authorized to adopt resolutions binding on member states under Chapter VII of the Charter. Considering the character of situations to which the Security council responds through its Chapter VII resolutions, this legal instrument often stirs emotions among the general public. But what does the law itself say about the Chapter VII resolutions? What is their legal nature and value in the field of public international law? This thesis provides an analysis of the Chapter VII resolutions, offers a definition of a Chapter VII resolution and analyzes some specific resolutions by which the Security Council acted more as a quasi-judicial or a quasi-legislative body. Through analysis of content limits of the Security Council powers, the thesis endeavors to confirm that binding nature of the Chapter VII resolutions as well as an obligation of member states to give effect to those resolutions do have its boundaries; and despite the special role of the Security Council in the field of public international law, its Chapter VII resolutions cannot have unlimited content. First of all, the resolutions cannot be in conflict with...
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Importance of United Nations Security Council and binding effect of resolutions in maintenance of international peace and security
Urbanová, Petra ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
- Importance of United Nations Security Council and binding effect of resolutions in maintenance of international peace and security This paper depicts the history previous to creation and the creation itself of UN and the Security Council, followed by chapter devoted to the permanent and non- permanent members of the Council with subchapter about reform proposals in terms of its composition. Then there is detailed description of functions and powers of the Security Council, including also a topic relating to the Council's period of paralysis. In the chapter on voting procedure there is stressed the crucial issue of distinguishing procedural and non-procedural resolutions with talking about veto power as well. The final chapter is devoted to the decisions of the Security Council with focus on resolutions and their binding effect.
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Assessing the Effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council: case of operations in the African countries
Viryasova, Natalia ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Kuľková, Miroslava (referee)
Over the past decades, peace missions of the United Nations on the African continent succeed and failed. This thesis attempts to ascertain how success or failure can be explained. For assessment, the success criteria are derived from the academic literature and subsequently implemented into the hypotheses. Relevant indicators concerning peacekeeping success are used in African cases. The effectiveness of UN missions is fully investigated on UNOCI in Côte d'Ivoire, MONUC in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and UNMIL in Liberia. Then the results were compared in tested hypotheses. The findings show that host country's consent and willingness to cooperate, alongside the active engagement of major power, a clear, appropriate and achievable mandate, and the consistency of the UN's commitment to conflict resolution proved to be the most important factors for the peacekeeping effectiveness. The diplomacy and attention, given to underlying causes of conflicts, also contributed to the successful outcomes. The ethnic component and participating regional organisations, in contrast, overcomplicated the peace efforts but did not have a direct impact on missions' effectiveness. The effect of the missions' duration was found to be irrelevant, while ties to success with criteria of national ownership and...
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The role of the UN Security Council in front of the ICC
Mihai, Vlad ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Pulgret, Miroslav (referee)
The relationship betweeen the International Criminal Court and the United Nations Security Council holds important value because, as a people, we are striving for a change towards a universal justice system, rather than a nationalistic conflictual one. To assess the progress, a closer look is necessary at the issue at hand. If the ICC does not have a nation to support it, in order to serve as a deterrent, it does need a powerful organization behind it: the UNSC, or the interplay between the SC, ICC and the "executive body" of the international community. However, their relationship is convoluted in controversy, since it is believed to serve as a tool for the major powers when they see fit, thus deligitimizing its credibility as an overarching judicial organization meant to resolve inter-state conflicts, and punish those who commit the most heinous crimes, regardless of their nationality. The findings of this research will show that more factors weigh in, and, even though the UNSC does hold a tight grip and has the power to influence the proceedings before the ICC, there is a clear positive trajectory for the International Criminal Justice System; the author of the research believes it will only get better. Keywords International Criminal Court; UNSC; Rome Statute; International Criminal Law Range...
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The Reform of the United Nations Security Council through the Enlargement of its Members
Kuchařová, Aneta ; Balaš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
The Reform of the United Nations Security Council through the Enlargement of its Members Abstract This master thesis focuses on the topic which has been discussed in the international community for several decades. Security Council is responsible for maintaining peace and security in the world since the organization was founded. In order to carry out this task, it has been endowed with several prominent powers, from which the most important and controversial at the same time is the right to veto, with the ability to block any resolution. The structure of the Security Council was established after the end of the Second World War and it has not been changed since then, besides the reform in 1963. This fact negatively affects proper functioning of the Security Council in today's world, which has changed rapidly since 1945, and reduces its legitimacy because of the insufficient representation of the UN members. The organization was founded by 51 states, but since then the membership has increased almost four times and today there are already 193 countries in the UN. Nowadays, there are several reform groups that want to achieve different progresses in different ways. But in most of these cases there have been attempts to increase the number of members of the Security Council - both permanent and elected. The...
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